The Lezgins are believed to be partly descendants of peoples who inhabited southern Dagestan during the Bronze Age. The Lezgins resisted Russification, refusing to participate in resettlement programmes from mountainous areas to lowland towns and collective farms. Thus, the majority of Lezgins still lead a traditional way of life.
They live mainly in Azerbaijan and Dagestan (Russian Federation), but a significant number live in other countries, including Turkmenistan.
Lezgins are engaged in sheep and goat breeding, as well as subsistence agriculture, leather and textile production. They are famous for their handmade carpets. Their language is alive and thriving, leaving behind a rich body of Lezgin literature and music. Many Lezgins have also moved from rural Lezghin areas to the cities, mainly for economic reasons. The patriarchal social structure among Lezgins remains strong, especially in rural life and in limited urban enclaves.
Lezgin culture is extremely hostile to outsiders. It is very difficult for people outside their communities to gain acceptance or trust.